Human Factors

Human Factors / Human Performance Description Effective Human Performance is fundamental to operational safety in aviation. The majority of undesired outcomes are attributable to the people who populate the aviation system. They may especially occur in relation to the interface between people and complex procedures and equipment which exist to support the safe and efficient completion of their duties. The ’human factors’ to which they are subject sometimes lead to unintended errors of task management and professional judgement. They may also not deliver their practical skills at the trained level every time. The context for these errors may be simple lapses in the behaviour of well informed professionals or it may follow from an underlying failure to appreciate the full range of behavioural influences or their potential consequences. Errors may sometimes be intentional violations of varying degrees of severity and for varying motives. The organisational framework within which people function may not always be conducive to achieving the best from them - procedures may be inappropriate or ineffective. Ultimately, the goal is to minimise errors, and the consequences of those that remain, using either the monitoring or cross-checking of colleagues or technical solutions. The articles contained in this Portal are organised by Subject Category and by Functional Area (Aircraft Operator, Air Traffic Management, Aircraft Maintenance) Human Performance Subjects Human Behaviour is about self awareness of human factors - factors which affect personal performance but also affect interaction with others, which often defines overall safety performance. Design Philosophy for systems, aids, tools and procedures must provide an credible interface with the human user and, where appropriate, offer fail-safe functionality, recovery from human application errors and protection against non-reversible effects. Human Performance Modelling is about representing reality in a simplified way and providing easy-to-understand analogies of the more complex world which really exists. Organisation and Human Performance covers understanding and awareness of the way human factors issues are influenced by their institutional context and perspectives. Human Factors Training covers both initial and recurrent training on human behaviour issues for both the managed and the managers and recognises the role played by support functions in maintaining operational safety. Aeromedical covers physiology. Accident & Incident Reports List of related Accident and Incident Reports SKYbrary Solutions CASA Safety Behaviours Toolkit Operators Guide to Human Factors in Aviation

Articles by Subject Category

Human Behaviour Design Philosophy Human Performance Modelling Organisation and Human Performance Human Factors Training Aeromedical Absence of Procedure ATC Active Listening ATC Expectation Bias ATCO On-duty fitness Authority Gradients Choice Cockpit Automation - Advantages and Safety Challenges Complacency Confirmation Bias Continuation Bias Controller Workload Cross-checking Process Decision Making Error Reporting Fatigue Management: Guidance for Air Traffic Controllers and Air Traffic Engineers Human Error Types Human Factor in Emergencies Inadvertent Selection of Concentrically-Centered Controls Information Processing Interruption or Distraction Level of Arousal Maintenance Error Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) Maintenance Workload Memory in ATC Operational Use of Flight Path Management Systems Perception in ATC Pilot Handling Skills Pilot Incapacitation Pilot Memory Aids Pilot Perception Pilot Workload Prescription Prioritisation for Pilots Recency Bias Recovery from Failure Situational Awareness Socio-Cultural Effects on the Flight Deck Startle Effect Startle Effect (SKYclip) Stress Stress in Air Traffic Control Teamwork in Air Traffic Control Technical Knowledge The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Pilot Performance The Human Factors "Dirty Dozen" Trust Verbal Communication Vigilance in ATM Violation Written Communication Cockpit Automation - Advantages and Safety Challenges Controller Position Design Inadvertent Selection of Concentrically-Centered Controls Operational Use of Flight Path Management Systems Recovery from Failure Working Environment Generic Error-Modelling System (GEMS) Heinrich Pyramid Human Factors Analysis and Classification System (HFACS) ICAO SHELL Model James Reason HF Model LMQ HF Model PEAR Model ATC Task Demand ATCO On-duty fitness ATM Shift Management Commercial Pressures Controller Workload Critical Incident Stress Management in ATM Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) Human Performance Standard of Excellence (HPSoE) Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) Maintenance Workload Normal Operations Safety Survey (NOSS) in ATM Safety Culture Sterile Flight Deck Technical Competencies The Handover-Takeover Process (Operational ATC Positions) Threat and Error Management (TEM) in ATC Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Flight Operations Weak Signals Approach to ANSP Safety Performance ATCO Language Skills Crew Resource Management ELPAC Learning to Remember Line Oriented Flight Training Operational Use of Flight Path Management Systems Pilot Memory Aids Pilot Perception Prioritisation for Pilots Team Resource Management (TRM) The Human Factors "Dirty Dozen" Acceleration Effects Autokinetic Effect Bio Hazards - Guidance for Cabin Crew Carbon Monoxide Poisoning Cosmic Radiation Decompression Sickness Deterioration of Pilot Flight Skills with Age Empty Field Myopia Fainting Fatigue Flight Crew In-Seat Rest Food Allergy Food Poisoning G-induced Impairment and the Risk Of G-LOC Hyperventilation Hypoxia Middle Ear and Sinus Problems Ozone Physiological Aspects of Communications Pilot Perception Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Prescription Public Health and Aviation Sensory Illusions (SKYclip) Solar Radiation Somatogravic and Somatogyral Illusions Spatial Disorientation The Common Cold The Effects of Alcohol and Drugs on Pilot Performance Time of Useful Consciousness Visual Illusions Working Environment

Articles by Functional Area

ATM Aircraft Operator Aircraft Maintenance Absence of Procedure ATC Active Listening ATC Expectation Bias ATC Task Demand ATCO Language Skills ATCO On-duty fitness ATM Shift Management Commercial Pressures Complacency Continuation Bias Controller Position Design Controller Workload Critical Incident Stress Management in ATM Cross-checking Process Decision Making Error Reporting Fatigue Fatigue Management: Guidance for Air Traffic Controllers and Air Traffic Engineers Fatigue Risk Management System (FRMS) Human Error Types Human Factors in AGC Interruption or Distraction Memory in ATC Normal Operations Safety Survey (NOSS) in ATM Perception in ATC Risk Perception Safety Culture Situational Awareness Stress Stress in Air Traffic Control Team Resource Management (TRM) Teamwork in Air Traffic Control Technical Competencies The Handover-Takeover Process (Operational ATC Positions) Threat and Error Management (TEM) in ATC Vigilance in ATM Weak Signals Approach to ANSP Safety Performance Absence of Procedure Commercial Pressures Complacency Continuation Bias Crew Resource Management Cross-checking Process Decision Making Error Reporting Fatigue Human Error Types Interruption or Distraction Line Operations Safety Audit (LOSA) Line Oriented Flight Training Pilot Incapacitation Pilot Workload Safety Culture Situational Awareness Sterile Flight Deck Stress Technical Competencies Threat and Error Management (TEM) in Flight Operations Absence of Procedure Commercial Pressures Complacency Continuation Bias Decision Making Error Reporting Fatigue Human Error Types Interruption or Distraction Maintenance Error Maintenance Error Decision Aid (MEDA) Safety Culture Situational Awareness Stress Technical Competencies