SKYbrary Wiki

{{Operational Issue
|category=Weather
|source=SKYbrary
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|source_caption=About SKYbrary
|control=EUROCONTROL
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{{OI WX
|Sub=Climatic Phenomena
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[[Portal:Airport Climatology|back to Airport Climatology]]
==The Climate of {{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}==
The climate of Africa ranges from tropical to subarctic on its highest peaks. Its northern half is primarily desert (Köppen climate classification '''''BWh''''') or arid (Köppen climate classification '''''BSh'''''), while its central and southern areas contain both savanna plains (Köppen climate classification '''''Aw''''') and very dense jungle (rainforest)  (Köppen climate classification '''''Af''''') regions. In between, there is a convergence where vegetation patterns such as sahel, and steppe dominate. The north African coast (Morocco and Algeria) and Cape Province in South Africa enjoy Mediterranean climates (Köppen climate classification '''''Csa''''' & '''''Csa'''''). The movement of the [[ITCZ|Intertropical convergence zone]], creates a rainy season across central portions of the continent to the south of the Sahara. Southern Africa receives most of its rain from [[Cumulonimbus|convective clouds]] in the summer and [[Depression|frontal systems]] from the west in the winter.
==Airports==
The following map shows the [[Climate|Köppen climate classification (KCC)]] for aerodromes across {{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }} which are listed on SKYbrary:
{{#compound_query: [[:Airport]]<q>[[Airport_Name::Empty]]</q>;?Airport_Name;
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Af]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Af.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Am]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Am.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Aw]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Aw.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::BWh]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=BWh.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::BWk]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Bwk.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::BSh]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Bsh.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::BSk]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Bsk.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Csa]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Csa.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Csb]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Csb.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Cwa]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Cwa.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Cwb]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Cwb.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Cwc]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Cwc.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Cfa]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Cfa.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Cfb]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Cfb.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Cfc]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Cfc.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dsa]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dsa.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dsb]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dsb.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dsc]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dsc.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dsd]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dsd.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dwa]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dwa.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dwb]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dwb.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dwc]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dwc.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dwd]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dwd.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dfa]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dfa.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dfb]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dfb.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dfc]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dfc.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::Dfd]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=Dfd.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::ET]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=ET.png
| [[Concept:{{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}]]<q>[[KCC::EF]]</q>;?Coordinates;?Airport_Name=;?KCC;icon=EF.png
| format=leaflet
| width=950
}}
<small>
{|width=950px
|- valign=top |
|
{{legend|#0000FE|'''Af''': equatorial climate}}
{{legend|#0077FF|'''Am''': monsoon climate}}
{{legend|#46A9FA|'''Aw''': tropical savannah climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#FE0000|'''BWh''': warm desert climate}}
{{legend|#FE9695|'''Bwk''': cold desert climate}}
{{legend|#F5A301|'''Bsh''': warm semi-arid climate}}
{{legend|#FFDB63|'''Bsk''': cold semi-arid climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#FFFF00|'''Csa''': warm Mediterranean climate}}
{{legend|#C6C700|'''Csb''': temperate Mediterranean climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#96FF96|'''Cwa''': humid subtropical climate}}
{{legend|#63C764|'''Cwb''': temperate China climate}}
{{legend|#329633|'''Cwc''': cool China climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#C6FF4E|'''Cfa''': warm oceanic climate/ humid subtropical climate}}
{{legend|#66FF33|'''Cfb''': temperate oceanic climate}}
{{legend|#33C701|'''Cfc''': cool oceanic climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#FF00FE|'''Dsa''': warm continental climate/ Mediterranean continental climate}}
{{legend|#C600C7|'''Dsb''': temperate continental climate/ Mediterranean continental climate}}
{{legend|#963295|'''Dsc''': cool continental climate}}
{{legend|#966495|'''Dsd''': cold continental climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#ABB1FF|'''Dwa''': warm continental climate/ humid continental climate}}
{{legend|#5A77DB|'''Dwb''': temperate continental climate/ humid continental climate}}
{{legend|#4C51B5|'''Dwc''': cool continental climate/ subarctic climate}}
{{legend|#320087|'''Dwd''': cold continental climate/ subarctic climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#00FFFF|'''Dfa''': warm continental climate/ humid continental climate}}
{{legend|#38C7FF|'''Dfb''': temperate continental climate/ humid continental climate}}
{{legend|#007E7D|'''Dfc''': cool continental climate/ subarctic climate}}
{{legend|#00455E|'''Dfd''': cold continental climate/ subarctic climate}}
| width=5 |
|
{{legend|#B2B2B2|'''ET''': tundra climate}}
{{legend|#686868|'''EF''': ice cap climate}}
|}
</small>

==Climatic and Weather Phenomena Affecting Aviation in {{#titleparts: {{SUBPAGENAME}}|1|2 }}==
*'''Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone'''. - A feature of the [[ITCZ]] is dense lines of [[Cumulonimbus]] clouds which can necessitate an aircraft diverging significant distance off track in order to avoid.
*'''Cyclones'''. - The east coast of Africa, particularly Madagascar, is affected by [[Tropical Revolving Storm]]s originating in the Indian Ocean.
*'''Sandstorms'''. - [[Sand Storm|Sandstorms]] are common in arid and semi-arid areas, particularly the Sahara.