Holdover Time (HOT) Tables

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Article Information
Category:	Ground Operations
Content source:	SKYbrary
Content control:	EUROCONTROL

Contents 1 Description 1.1 Association of European Airlines (AEA) 1.2 Transport Canada (TC) 1.3 Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) 2 Related Articles 3 Accident Reports

Description

Aircraft Ground De/Anti Icing Holdover Time (HOT) tables approved by the SAE G-12 Committee are issued in preparation for the coming winter season.

AEA, FAA, and TC (Transport Canada) are the main practical sources of this information and each issues their HOT Tables, and associated support publications, independently of each other and SAE. The generic changes from one season to the next are usually relatively few. However, the recent rapid growth of product-specific HOT tables, which are increasingly used by operators, is significant.

Other "official" sources sometimes publish HOT which are then left as "current" when they cease to be the latest versions. The effect of such out of date information being still accessible has resulted in many Operations Manuals being out of date on this critical safety subject.

Association of European Airlines (AEA)

• AEA Recommendations for De-icing/Anti-Icing: The two regularly updated AEA Guides on the subject are:
  1. "Recommendations for De-Icing/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the Ground - Edition 26, August 2010" and
  2. "Recommendations and Background Information for De-Icing/Anti-Icing of Aircraft on the Ground" - Edition 8, August 2011

Transport Canada (TC)

• 2011/2012 Transport Canada HOT tables
• Transport Canada: Guidelines for Aircraft Ground Icing Operations amendments to which can be found with the latest edition of the HOT tables issued prior to each winter season.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA)

• 2011/2012 FAA HOT tables

Related Articles

• Icing
• Aircraft Ground De/Anti Icing
• De/Anti-Icing Code
• Holdover Time

Accident Reports

Accidents and Incidents resulting from airframe icing and problems with anti-icing fluids:

• D328, Isle of Man, 2005 (RE GND HF) (On 28 November 2005, a Dornier 328 being operated by EuroManx on a scheduled passenger service departing from Isle of Man for an unspecified destination was unable to rotate at the speed calculated as applicable and the take off was successfully rejected.)
• C208, Helsinki Finland, 2005 (WX GND LOC HF) (On 31 January 2005, a Cessna 208 stalled and crashed on take off from Helsinki-Vantaa following failure to properly de-ice the aircraft.)
• MD81, vicinity Stockholm Sweden, 1991 (GND HF LOC FIRE) (On 27 December 1991, after take-off from Arlanda Airport, Stockholm, an MD-81 operated by Scandinavian Airlines System (SAS), experienced a failure of both engines following the ingestion of clear ice detaching from the wings. Subsequently, the crew executed a successful forced landing.)
• SH36, vicinity Edinburgh UK, 2001 (GND LOC HF) (On 23 February 2001, a Loganair SD3-60 suffered double engine flameout shortly after take-off from Edinburgh, subsequently attributed to snow and ice accumulation in the engine intake systems. The crew ditched the aircraft into shallow water but the aircraft was severely damaged by the impact with the water and the forward fuselage was submerged. Neither crewmember survived.)
• DH8A, Ottawa Canada, 2003 (GND RE) (On 04 November 2003, a de Havilland DHC-8-100, being operated by Air Canada Jazz, was on a scheduled flight from Ottawa, Ontario, to Montréal (Dorval), Quebec, with 19 passengers and a crew of three. After deicing, the aircraft taxied to Runway 07 and was cleared for take-off. The crew carried out normal pre-take-off checks and commenced the take-off run. As rotation was attempted, the pilot felt a restriction to movement of the pitch controls and, as a result, the take-off was rejected.)
• … further results