Accident and Serious Incident Reports: AW

From SKYbrary Wiki

Article Information
Category:	Airworthiness
Content source:	SKYbrary
Content control:	EUROCONTROL

Contents 1 Definition 2 Airframe 3 Air Conditioning and Pressurisation 4 Autoflight 5 Communications 6 Electrical Power 7 Equipment/Furnishings 8 Fire Protection 9 Flight Controls 10 Fuel 11 Hydraulic Power 12 Ice and Rain Protection 13 Indicating / Recording Systems 14 Landing Gear 15 Landing Lights 16 Navigation 17 Oxygen 18 Airborne Auxiliary Power (APU) 19 Propellers 20 Rotors 21 Engine - General 22 Engine Fuel and Control 23 Bleed Air 24 Emergency Evacuation

Definition

A selection of reports relating to accidents and serious incidents which involved Airworthiness as a factor.

The reports are grouped together below in subcategories according to the systems affected.

Airframe

• B74S, en-route, Anchorage AK USA, 2004 (AW) (On 5 December 2004 a Boeing 747-100SP experienced a rapid depressurisation and subsequent minor damage after reaching cruise level near Anchorage, Alaska. The crew elected to return to Ted Stevens International Airport, Anchorage where the aircraft landed without further incident.)
• B742, en-route, Penghu Island Taiwan, 2002 (AW LOC) (On 25 May 2002, a China Airlines Boeing 747-200 broke up in mid air, over Penghu Island Taiwan, following structural failure as a result of an improper repair in 1980, which had not been detected by subsequent inspections.)
• B752, Jackson Hole WY USA, 2010 (RE AW HF) (On 29 December 2010 an American Airlines Boeing 757-200 overran the landing runway at Jackson Hole WY after a bounced touchdown following which neither the speed brakes nor the thrust reversers functioned as expected. The subsequent investigation found that although the speed brakes had been armed and the ‘deployed’ call had been made, this had not occurred and that the thrust reversers had locked on transit after premature selection during the bounce. It was noted that had the spoilers been manually selected, the thrust reverser problem would not have prevented the aircraft stopping on the runway.)
• A306, vicinity JFK New York USA, 2001 (WAKE HF AW) (On November 12, 2001, an Airbus Industries A300-600 operated by American Airlines crashed into a residential area of Belle Harbour, New York, after take-off from John F. Kennedy International Airport, New York. Shortly after take off, the aircraft encountered mild wake turbulence from a departing Boeing 747-400.)
• A321, en-route, Gimpo South Korea, 2006 (WX LOC HF AW) (On 9 June 2006, an Airbus 321-100, operated by Asiana Airlines, encountered a thunderstorm accompanied by Hail around 20 miles southeast of Anyang VOR at an altitude of 11,500 ft, while descending for an approach to Gimpo Airport. The radome was detached and the cockpit windshield was cracked due to impact with Hail.)
• … further results

Air Conditioning and Pressurisation

• B762, San Francisco CA USA, 2008 (FIRE AW) (On 28 June 2008 a Boeing 767-200 being operated as a Public Transport cargo flight by ABX Air (DHL) experienced a ground fire after loading had been completed and all doors closed and just before engine startup at night. The fire was located in the supernumerary compartment of the airplane. This compartment, which is present on some cargo airplanes, is located directly aft of the cockpit and forward of the main deck cargo compartment which is where the toilet, galley, and three non-flight crew seats are located (see diagram below).The flight crew evacuated the aircraft through the flight deck windows and were not injured, but the aircraft was substantially fire damaged and later classified as a hull loss.)
• B737 en-route, Glen Innes Australia, 2007 (AW HF) (On 17 November 2007 a Boeing 737-700 being operated by Virgin Blue on a scheduled passenger service from Coolangatta to Melbourne at night experienced a right hand engine bleed trip off during the take off, which was continued. A subsequent attempt at reset was not successful and once above FL170, above which APU air use was not permitted, only the left engine bleed air would be available for air conditioning and cabin pressurisation. The flight crew initially decided to cruise at a lower level than planned, FL250, but once there, icing conditions were encountered and the crew decided to continue the climb to FL350 to cruise clear of cloud.)
• E195, en-route, Irish Sea UK, 2008 (AW HF) (On 1 August 2008, an Embraer 195 being operated by Flybe on a scheduled passenger service from Manchester to Belfast City with the No 2 air conditioning pack inoperative in accordance with the MEL when the No 1 Air Cycle Machine (ACM) failed, releasing smoke and fumes into the aircraft. A MAYDAY was declared and a diversion to the Isle of Man was carried out.)
• B744, en-route, South China Sea, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 25 July 2008, a Boeing 747 suffered a rapid depressurisation of the cabin following the sudden failure of an oxygen cylinder, which had ruptured the aircraft's pressure hull. The incident occurred 475 km north-west of Manila, Philippines.)
• B738, en-route, southern Austria, 2010 (AW) (On 9 May 2010, Boeing 737-800 being operated by Swedish operator Viking Airlines on a public transport charter flight from Sharm el Sheikh, Egypt to Manchester UK and which had earlier suffered a malfunction which affected the level of redundancy in the aircraft pressurisation system, experienced a failure of the single air conditioning pack in use when over southern Austria and an emergency descent and en route diversion to Vienna were made. There were no injuries to any of the 196 occupants.)
• … further results

Autoflight

• A319, en-route, London UK, 2005 (AW) (On 22 October 2005, an Airbus A319-131, being operated by British Airways from London Heathrow to Budapest in night VMC, experienced a major electrical failure. The subsequent investigation made a number of recommendations but did not establish the cause of the failure.)
• B735, vicinity Perm Russian Federation, 2008 (HF LOC AW FIRE) (On September 13 2008, at night and in good visual conditions*, a Boeing 737-500 operated by Aeroflot-Nord executed an unstabilised approach to Runway 21 at Bolshoye Savino Airport (Perm) which subsequently resulted in loss of control and terrain impact.)
• RJ1H, vicinity Zurich Switzerland, 2011 (LOC HF AW) (On 20 July 2011, the flight crew of a Swiss European Avro RJ-100 on a positioning flight from Nuremburg to Zurich responded inappropriately to an unexpected ‘bank angle’ alert in IMC. Near loss of control followed during which a PAN was eventually declared. The situation was resolved by a belated actioning of the QRH checklist applicable to the failure symptoms experienced. The subsequent investigation attributed the event to inappropriate crew response to a failure of a single IRU and poor manual flying skill whilst the situation was resolved.)

Communications

• E195, en-route, Edinburgh UK, 2009 (AW HF) (On 15 January 2009, an Embraer 195-200 being operated by UK Regional Airline Flybe was passing overhead Edinburgh UK at FL370 at night when communications problems between the flight deck and cabin crew occurred following the selection of emergency power as a precautionary measure after smoke, considered to possibly be of electrical origin, had been observed in the galley. An en route diversion with an uneventful outcome was accomplished.)
• A319, en-route, Nantes France, 2006 (AGC AW)
• B732, Manchester UK, 1985 (AW FIRE) (On 22nd August 1985, a B737-200 being operated by British Airtours, a wholly-owned subsidiary of British Airways, suffered an uncontained engine failure, with consequent damage from ejected debris enabling the initiation of a fuel-fed fire which spread to the fuselage during the rejected take off and continued to be fuel-fed after the aircraft stopped, leading to rapid destruction of the aircraft before many of the occupants had evacuated.)

Electrical Power

• B732, vicinity Tamanrassat Algeria, 2003 (LOC FIRE AW) (On 6 March 2003, a Boeing 737-200 being operated by Air Algerie had just become airborne during a daylight departure when the left hand engine suddenly failed just after the PF had called for “gear up”. Shortly afterwards, the aircraft commander, who had been PNF for the departure, took control but the normal pitch attitude was not reduced to ensure that a minimum airspeed of V2 was maintained and landing gear was not retracted. The aircraft lost airspeed, stalled and impacted the ground approximately 1nm from the point at which it had become airborne. A severe post crash fire occurred and the aircraft was destroyed and all on board except one passenger, were killed.)
• A388, en-route Batam Island Indonesia, 2010 (LOC AW) (On 4 November 2010, a Rolls Royce Trent 900-powered Airbus A380 which had just departed from Singapore was climbing through 7,000 ft when the No 2 engine suddenly suffered an uncontained failure. After careful preparation due to the complex collateral damage, the augmented flight crew made a successful air turnback. After coming to a stop, there were difficulties with engine shutdown which delayed passenger disembarkation. Investigation is ongoing but the engine failure has been attributed to a component manufacturing fault which the engine manufacturer had failed to identify.)
• MD11, en-route, Atlantic Ocean near Halifax Canada, 1998 (AW FIRE LOC) (On 2 September 1998, an MD-11 aircraft belonging to Swissair, crashed into the sea off Nova Scotia following an in-flight electrical fire.)
• B788, Boston MA USA, 2013 (FIRE AW) (On 7 January 2013, an aircraft battery fire occurred on a Japan Air Lines Boeing 787-8 which had just arrived at Boston after a scheduled passenger flight from Tokyo Narita. The battery involved was the Lithium-Ion APU Battery situated in the aft electrical equipment bay and used to start the APU during taxi to its parking gate after landing. The fire was eventually extinguished and the damaged battery removed 80 minutes after fire fighters arrived at the aeroplane. The NTSB Investigation is ongoing and in a separate decision, the FAA has withdrawn type certification approval effectively grounding the world fleet.)
• AS55, vicinity Fairview Alberta Canada, 1999 (AW HF FIRE) (On 28th April 1999, an AS-355 helicopter suffered an in-flight fire attributed to an electrical fault which had originated from a prior maintenance error undetected during incomplete pre-flight inspections. The aircraft carried out an immediate landing allowing evacuation before the aircraft was destroyed by an intense fire.)
• … further results

Equipment/Furnishings

• A319 / B744, en route near Oroville WA USA, 2008 (WAKE HF AW) (On 10 January 2008, an Airbus A319-100 being operated by Air Canada on a scheduled passenger flight from Victoria BC to Toronto in night VMC was west of Oroville Washington USA when it was subjected to sudden jolts and then a series of rolls which resulted in an unintended descent of 1400 feet before straight and level flight was regained. During the episode, cabin service was in progress and seat belt signs were off. Cabin service carts were lifted off the floor and struck the ceiling above occupied passenger seats before coming back to rest in the aisle. The flight crew, suspecting a flight control abnormality, declared an emergency and diverted uneventfully, and without further use of the autopilot, to Calgary. Three of the 88 occupants sustained serious injuries and eight sustained minor injuries as a result of falls and collisions with aircraft furnishings.)
• B772, London Heathrow UK, 2007 (AW FIRE) (On 26 February 2007, a Boeing 777-222 operated by United Airlines, after pushback from the stand at London Heathrow Airport, experienced internal failure of an electrical component which subsequently led to under-floor fire. The aircraft returned to a stand where was attended by the Airfield Fire Service and the passengers were evacuated.)
• B732, Pekanbaru Indonesia, 2002 (RE HF AW) (On 14 January 2002, a Boeing 737-200, operated by Lion Air, attempted to complete a daylight take off from Pekanbaru, Indonesia without flaps set after a failure to complete the before take off checks. The rejected take off was not initiated promptly and the aircraft overran the runway. The take off configuration warning failed to sound because the associated circuit breaker was so worn that it had previously auto-tripped and this had not been noticed.)
• E195, en-route, Irish Sea UK, 2008 (AW HF) (On 1 August 2008, an Embraer 195 being operated by Flybe on a scheduled passenger service from Manchester to Belfast City with the No 2 air conditioning pack inoperative in accordance with the MEL when the No 1 Air Cycle Machine (ACM) failed, releasing smoke and fumes into the aircraft. A MAYDAY was declared and a diversion to the Isle of Man was carried out.)
• B744, en route NNW of Bangkok Thailand, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 7 January 2008, a Boeing 747-400 being operated by Qantas on a scheduled passenger flight from London Heathrow to Bangkok was descending through FL100 about 13.5 nm NNW of destination in day VMC when indications of progressive electrical systems failure began to be annunciated. As the aircraft neared the end of the radar downwind leg, only the AC4 bus bar was providing AC power and the aircraft main battery was indicating discharge. A manual approach to a normal landing was subsequently accomplished and the aircraft taxied to the designated gate where passenger disembarkation took place. None of the 365 occupants, who included two heavy crew members who were present in the flight deck throughout the incident, had sustained any injury and the aircraft was undamaged.)
• … further results

Fire Protection

• A388, en-route Batam Island Indonesia, 2010 (LOC AW) (On 4 November 2010, a Rolls Royce Trent 900-powered Airbus A380 which had just departed from Singapore was climbing through 7,000 ft when the No 2 engine suddenly suffered an uncontained failure. After careful preparation due to the complex collateral damage, the augmented flight crew made a successful air turnback. After coming to a stop, there were difficulties with engine shutdown which delayed passenger disembarkation. Investigation is ongoing but the engine failure has been attributed to a component manufacturing fault which the engine manufacturer had failed to identify.)
• B772, London Heathrow UK, 2007 (AW FIRE) (On 26 February 2007, a Boeing 777-222 operated by United Airlines, after pushback from the stand at London Heathrow Airport, experienced internal failure of an electrical component which subsequently led to under-floor fire. The aircraft returned to a stand where was attended by the Airfield Fire Service and the passengers were evacuated.)
• NIM, vicinity RAF Lossiemouth UK, 1995 (FIRE) (On 16 May 1995, an RAF Nimrod suffered a catastrophic engine fire in the number 4 engine and subsequently ditched in the sea, to the north of the Scottish coast.)
• L101, vicinity Riyadh Saudi Arabia, 1980 (AW HF FIRE) (On 19 August 1980, a Lockheed L1011 operated by Saudi Arabian Airlines took off from Riyadh, Saudi Arabia - seven minutes later an aural warning indicated a smoke in the aft cargo compartment. Despite the successful landing all 301 persons on board perished due toxic fumes inhalation and uncontrolled fire.)
• E145, Kemi-Tornio Finland 2008 (FIRE HF AW) (On 11 December 2008 an EMB 145 being operated by Finnish Commuter Airlines on a scheduled passenger flight caught fire during the taxi in after a night landing after the APU failed to start and a major electrical power failure occurred simultaneously. The fire was not detected until after the aircraft arrived on stand when, with the passengers still on board, a member of the ground crew saw signs of fire at the back of the aircraft. The aircraft’s own fire suppression system was successfully used to extinguish the fire, the passengers left the aircraft and there were no injuries and only minor damage to the aircraft.)
• … further results

Flight Controls

• AT72, en route, southern Scotland UK, 2011 (LOC AW HF) (On 15 March 2011, an ATR 72-200 being operated by Irish company Air Contractors on a non revenue positioning flight from Edinburgh to Paris CDG in night VMC with just the two pilots on board began to experience roll and directional control difficulties as the aircraft accelerated upon reaching the planned cruise altitude of FL230. A ‘PAN’ call was made to ATC and a return to Edinburgh was made with successful containment of the malfunctioning flying controls.)
• B733, vicinity Pittsburg PA USA, 1994 (AW LOC) (On 8 September 1994, a US Air Boeing 737-300 crashed near Pittsburg USA following loss of control attributed to a rudder malfunction.)
• E145, New York JFK USA, 2007 (AW RE) (On 17 December 2007, an Embraer 145 being operated by Chautauqua Airlines on a Delta Connection passenger flight departing New York JFK runway 31L for an unrecorded destination carried out a high speed rejected take off in normal day visibility when the response to elevator control input at rotation was abnormal.)
• B190, vicinity Charlotte NC USA, 2003 (AW GND LOC HF) (On 8 January 2003, a B190, operated by Air Midwest, crashed shortly after take off from Charlotte, NC, USA, following loss of pitch control during takeoff. The accident was attributed to incorrect rigging of the elevator control system compounded by the airplane being outside load and balance limitations.)
• B741, en-route, Gunma Japan 1985 (AW LOC HF) (On August 12, 1985 a Boeing 747 SR-100 operated by Japan Air Lines experienced a loss of control attributed to loss of the vertical stabiliser. After the declaration of the emergency, the aircraft continued its flight for 30 minutes and subsequently impacted terrain in a mountainous area in Gunma Prefecture, Japan.)
• … further results

Fuel

• B741, en-route, East Moriches NY USA, 1996 (AW LOC) (On 17 July 1996, a Boeing 747, operated by TWA, experienced an in-flight breakup and then crashed into the Atlantic Ocean near East Moriches, New York, USA.)
• CONC, vicinity Paris Charles de Gaulle France, 2000 (AW FIRE LOC) (On 25th July 2000, an Air France Concorde crashed shortly after take-off from Paris CDG following loss of control after debris from an explosive tyre failure between V1 and VR attributed to runway FOD ruptured a fuel tank and led to a fuel-fed fire which quickly resulted in loss of engine thrust and structural damage which made the aircraft impossible to fly. It was found that nothing the crew failed to do, including rejecting the take off after V1 could have prevented the loss of the aircraft and that they been faced with entirely unforeseen circumstances.)
• A346, en-route, Amsterdam Netherlands, 2005 (LOC AW) (On 8 February 2005, a Virgin Atlantic Airways A340-600 experienced in-flight fuel management problem which led to loss of power of No 1 engine and temporary power loss of No 4. The captain decided to divert to Amsterdam where the aircraft landed safely on three engines.)
• A388, en-route Batam Island Indonesia, 2010 (LOC AW) (On 4 November 2010, a Rolls Royce Trent 900-powered Airbus A380 which had just departed from Singapore was climbing through 7,000 ft when the No 2 engine suddenly suffered an uncontained failure. After careful preparation due to the complex collateral damage, the augmented flight crew made a successful air turnback. After coming to a stop, there were difficulties with engine shutdown which delayed passenger disembarkation. Investigation is ongoing but the engine failure has been attributed to a component manufacturing fault which the engine manufacturer had failed to identify.)
• B772, Tokyo Narita Japan, 2008 (FIRE AW) (On July 30 2008, a Boeing 777-200 being operated by Vietnam Airlines on a scheduled passenger flight landed at Narita in daylight and normal visibility and shortly afterwards experienced a right engine fire warning with the appropriate crew response following. Subsequently, after the aircraft had arrived at the parking stand and all passengers and crewmembers had left the aircraft, the right engine caught fire again and this fire was extinguished by the Airport RFFS who were already in attendance. There were no injuries and the aircraft sustained only minor damage.)
• … further results

Hydraulic Power

• CRJ1, Southampton UK, 2007 (RE HF AW) (On 17 January 2007, a Bombardier CRJ 100 being operated by French airline Brit Air on a scheduled night passenger flight from Paris CDG to Southampton could not be directionally controlled after touchdown on a dry surface in normal visibility and almost calm winds and departed the side of the runway during the landing roll. There were no injuries to any of the 36 occupants and there was no damage to the aircraft.)
• DC10, en-route, diversion Sioux City USA, 1989 (AW LOC FIRE) (On 19 July 1989, a United Airlines DC-10, after earlier improper inspection, suffered an uncontained engine failure which led to loss of hydraulic systems and Loss of Control during an attempted emergency landing, which was followed by a post crash fire.)
• B733, Paris CDG France, 2011 (RE AW HF) (On 23 July 2011, a Boeing 737-300 being operated by Jet2.com on a passenger flight from Leeds/Bradford to Paris CDG experienced violent vibration from the main landing gear at touch down in normal day visibility on runway 27R at a normal speed off a stabilised approach. This vibration was accompanied by lateral acceleration that made directional control difficult but the aircraft was kept on the runway and at a speed of 75 knots, the vibrations abruptly stopped. Once clear of the runway, the aircraft was stopped and the engines shutdown prior to a tow to the gate. None of the 133 occupants were injured.)
• A343, Helsinki Finland, 2009 (AW) (On 22 June 2009, an Airbus A340-300 being operated by Finnair suffered a single tyre failure during take off on a scheduled passenger flight to Helsinki and malfunction assessed as consequential by the flight crew occurred to the hydraulic system. The flight proceeded to destination and carried out a daylight landing there in normal visibility without any further aircraft damage. Because of a further deterioration in the status of the aircraft hydraulic systems during the landing roll, the aircraft was stopped on the runway and then towed into the gate. No persons were injured in this incident.)

Ice and Rain Protection

• SH36, vicinity Edinburgh UK, 2001 (LOC GND AW) (On 27 February 2001, a Loganair SD3-60 lost all power on both engines soon after take off from Edinburgh. An attempt to ditch in the Firth or Forth in rough seas resulted in the break up and sinking of the aircraft and neither pilot survived. The loss of power was attributed to the release of previously accumulated frozen deposits into the engine core when the engine anti icing systems were selected on whilst climbing through 2200 feet. These frozen deposits were considered to have accumulated whilst the aircraft had been parked prior to flight without engine intake blanks fitted.)
• ATP, Helsinki Finland, 2010 (RE AW GND) (On 11 January 2010, a British Aerospace ATP being operated by West Air Sweden on a cargo flight from Helsinki to Copenhagen with only the two operating flight crew on board at night could not be rotated for take off on runway 22R. The ensuing rejected take off in normal ground visibility was achieved within the available runway length and the aircraft was undamaged and returned to the apron.)
• A332, en-route, Atlantic Ocean, 2009 (LOC HF AW) (On 1 June 2009, an Airbus A330-200 being operated by Air France on a scheduled passenger flight from Rio de Janeiro to Paris CDG exited controlled flight and crashed into the sea with the loss of the aircraft and all 228 occupants. It was found that the loss of control followed an inappropriate response by the flight crew to a transient loss of airspeed indications in the cruise which resulted from the vulnerability of the pitot heads to ice crystal icing.)
• CRJ2, en-route, Fort St. John BC Canada, 2006 (LOC AW) (On 21 November 2006, an Air Canada Jazz CL-600-2B19 on a scheduled flight from Vancouver to Prince George was cleared for a non-precision approach at destination. During a missed approach because of worse than forecast weather conditions, the crew were unable to retract the flaps from their 45 degree landing setting. A diversion to the designated alternate was commenced but en route, ATC were requested to provide radar vectors to Fort St. John and an emergency was declared due to a low fuel prediction on arrival. The aircraft subsequently landed without further problem at Fort St. John with about 500 pounds of fuel remaining, equivalent to less than 10 minutes of flight time.)
• F70, vicinity Munich Germany, 2004 (AW WX LOC RE) (On 5 January 2004, a Fokker 70, operated by Austrian Airlines, carried out a forced landing in a field 2.5 nm short of Munich Runway 26L following loss of thrust from both engines due to icing.)

Indicating / Recording Systems

• B763, en-route, near Ovalle Chile, 2005 (LOC HF AW) (On 2 January 2005, a Boeing 767-300 being operated by Air Canada on a scheduled passenger flight in day VMC from Toronto to Santiago, Chile was approximately 180 nm north of the intended destination and in the cruise at FL370 when it suffered a run down of the left engine which flight deck indications suggested was due to fuel starvation. A MAYDAY was declared to ATC and during the subsequent drift down descent, with the cross feed valve open, the failed engine was successfully restarted and the flight was completed with both engines operating without further incident.)
• B752, en-route, vicinity Chancay Peru, 1996 (LOC AW HF) (On 2 October 1996, the crew of an Aero Peru Boeing 757 which had just made a night take off from Lima after maintenance found that all their altimeters, ASIs and VSIs were malfunctioning. A return was attempted but they did not respond to correctly functioning SPS or GPWS activations or use their RADALT indications and control was lost and sea impact followed. The instrument malfunctions were attributed to protective tape placed over the static ports which was not removed by maintenance before release to service or noticed by the crew during their pre flight checks.)
• A346, en-route, Amsterdam Netherlands, 2005 (LOC AW) (On 8 February 2005, a Virgin Atlantic Airways A340-600 experienced in-flight fuel management problem which led to loss of power of No 1 engine and temporary power loss of No 4. The captain decided to divert to Amsterdam where the aircraft landed safely on three engines.)
• A321, Manchester UK, 2008 (LOC AW) (On 28 July 2008, the crew flying an Airbus A321-200 departing Manchester UK were unable to raise the landing gear. The fault was caused by damage to the Nose Landing Gear sustained on the previous flight which experienced a heavy landing.)
• A319, en-route, London UK, 2005 (AW) (On 22 October 2005, an Airbus A319-131, being operated by British Airways from London Heathrow to Budapest in night VMC, experienced a major electrical failure. The subsequent investigation made a number of recommendations but did not establish the cause of the failure.)
• … further results

Landing Gear

• A343, Helsinki Finland, 2009 (AW) (On 22 June 2009, an Airbus A340-300 being operated by Finnair suffered a single tyre failure during take off on a scheduled passenger flight to Helsinki and malfunction assessed as consequential by the flight crew occurred to the hydraulic system. The flight proceeded to destination and carried out a daylight landing there in normal visibility without any further aircraft damage. Because of a further deterioration in the status of the aircraft hydraulic systems during the landing roll, the aircraft was stopped on the runway and then towed into the gate. No persons were injured in this incident.)
• B772, Manchester UK, 2005 (FIRE HF AW) (On 1 March 2005, a Boeing 777-200 being operated by Pakistan International Airlines on a scheduled passenger flight from Lahore to Manchester experienced a landing gear fire during taxi in at destination after an apparently routine landing in normal day visibility. There were no flight deck indications of a significant fire but an emergency evacuation was recommended by attending Fire Crew and carried out. Thirty one of the 344 occupants sustained minor injuries during this evacuation and the rest were uninjured. Five firefighters also sustained minor injuries as they assisted passengers from the slides. Damage to the aircraft was minor.)
• GLEX, Luton UK, 2008 (AW RE) (On 29 January 2008, a Bombardier BD700 Global Express on a private passenger flight from Van Nuys, California to Luton experienced a single tyre failure when landing at destination in normal day visibility which caused significant secondary damage to the flight control system and localised structural damage to the wing. The aircraft was stopped on the runway and there were no injuries to the four occupants.)
• CRJ1, Southampton UK, 2007 (RE HF AW) (On 17 January 2007, a Bombardier CRJ 100 being operated by French airline Brit Air on a scheduled night passenger flight from Paris CDG to Southampton could not be directionally controlled after touchdown on a dry surface in normal visibility and almost calm winds and departed the side of the runway during the landing roll. There were no injuries to any of the 36 occupants and there was no damage to the aircraft.)
• A321, Manchester UK, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 18 July 2008, an Airbus A321-200 operated by Thomas Cook Airlines experienced hard landing during night line training with significant aircraft damage not found until several days later. The hard landing was subsequently partially attributed to the inability to directly observe the trainee pitch control inputs on side stick of the A321.)
• … further results

Landing Lights

None on SKYbrary

Navigation

• A320, en-route, Sydney Australia, 2007 (LOS HF AW) (On 11 January 2007, an Air New Zealand Airbus A320 which had just departed Sydney Australia for Auckland, New Zealand was observed to have turned onto a heading contrary to the ATC-issued radar heading. When so advised by ATC, the crew checked the aircraft compasses and found that they were reading approximately 40 degrees off the correct heading.)
• A333, en-route, West of Learmonth Australia, 2008 (LOC AW) (On 7 October 2008, an Airbus A330-300 aircraft experienced multiple system failure indications followed by uncommanded pitch-down events which resulted in serious injuries to passengers and cabin crew.)
• B744, en-route, South China Sea, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 25 July 2008, a Boeing 747 suffered a rapid depressurisation of the cabin following the sudden failure of an oxygen cylinder, which had ruptured the aircraft's pressure hull. The incident occurred 475 km north-west of Manila, Philippines.)

Oxygen

• A332, en-route, North Atlantic Ocean, 2001 (HF LOC AW FIRE) (On 24 August 2001, an Airbus A330-200 on a flight from Toronto to Lisbon, operated by Air Transat, experienced complete fuel exhaustion. After a flame out of both engines, the crew diverted the flight, making a successful glide of 65 nm120.38 km from FL345 to land at an alternate aerodrome - Lajes Air Force Base in the Azores.)
• B744, en-route, South China Sea, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 25 July 2008, a Boeing 747 suffered a rapid depressurisation of the cabin following the sudden failure of an oxygen cylinder, which had ruptured the aircraft's pressure hull. The incident occurred 475 km north-west of Manila, Philippines.)
• B762, San Francisco CA USA, 2008 (FIRE AW) (On 28 June 2008 a Boeing 767-200 being operated as a Public Transport cargo flight by ABX Air (DHL) experienced a ground fire after loading had been completed and all doors closed and just before engine startup at night. The fire was located in the supernumerary compartment of the airplane. This compartment, which is present on some cargo airplanes, is located directly aft of the cockpit and forward of the main deck cargo compartment which is where the toilet, galley, and three non-flight crew seats are located (see diagram below).The flight crew evacuated the aircraft through the flight deck windows and were not injured, but the aircraft was substantially fire damaged and later classified as a hull loss.)
• RJ1H, en-route, South West of Stockholm Sweden, 2007 (HF LOC AW) (On 22 March 2007, climbing out of Stockholm Sweden, the crew of a Malmö Aviation Avro RJ100 failed to notice that the aircraft was not pressurised until cabin crew advised them of automatic cabin oxygen mask deployment.)

Airborne Auxiliary Power (APU)

• E145, Kemi-Tornio Finland 2008 (FIRE HF AW) (On 11 December 2008 an EMB 145 being operated by Finnish Commuter Airlines on a scheduled passenger flight caught fire during the taxi in after a night landing after the APU failed to start and a major electrical power failure occurred simultaneously. The fire was not detected until after the aircraft arrived on stand when, with the passengers still on board, a member of the ground crew saw signs of fire at the back of the aircraft. The aircraft’s own fire suppression system was successfully used to extinguish the fire, the passengers left the aircraft and there were no injuries and only minor damage to the aircraft.)

Propellers

• ATP, en-route, Oxford UK, 1991 (WX LOC HF) (On 11 August 1991, an British Aerospace ATP, during climb to flight level (FL) 160 in icing conditions, experienced a significant degradation of performance due to propeller icing accompanied by severe vibration that rendered the electronic flight instruments partially unreadable. As the aircraft descended below cloud, control was regained and the flight continued uneventfully.)

Rotors

• AS32, En-route, near Peterhead Scotland UK, 2009 (LOC AW) (On 1 April 2009, a Eurocopter AS332 L2 Super Puma being operated by Bond Helicopters on a scheduled passenger flight from the Miller Offshore Platform to Aberdeen in the cruise at an altitude of 2000 feet in day VMC crashed into the sea after a sudden and complete loss of control caused by a major mechanical failure. The helicopter was destroyed and all 16 occupants were killed.)
• B752, Las Vegas NV USA, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 22 December 2008, a Boeing 757-200 on a scheduled passenger flight departing Las Vegas for New York JFK experienced sudden failure of the right engine as take off thrust was set and the aircraft was stopped on the runway for fire services inspection. Fire service personnel observed a hole in the bottom of the right engine nacelle and saw a glow inside so they discharged a fire bottle into the nacelle through the open pressure relief doors. In the absence of any contrary indications, this action was considered to have extinguished any fire and the aircraft was then taxied back to the gate on the remaining serviceable engine for passenger disembarkation. None of the 263 occupants were injured but the affected engine suffered significant damage.)
• DH8D, en-route, South West Norway, 2004 (FIRE AW HF) (On 19 May 2004, a Bombardier DHC8-400 being operated on a scheduled passenger flight from Sandefjord to Bergen by Norwegian airline Wideroe was climbing through 13500 feet approximately 20nm west north west of Sandefjord in day VMC when there was a loud 'bang' from the left engine followed quickly by total power failure and a fire warning for that engine. The crew carried out the QRH drill, declared an emergency and made a return to Sandefjord. Although the left hand engine was shut down and both engine fire bottles had been discharged, the engine warning remained illuminated throughout the remainder of the flight. The aircraft was stopped on the runway after landing and a successful emergency evacuation of all 31 occupants was carried out with no injuries whilst the Airport Fire Service attended to the fire source.)
• B734, vicinity East Midlands UK, 1989 (HF LOC FIRE AW) (On 8 January 1989, a British Midland Airways Boeing 737-400, suffered a loss of control followed by terrain impact in the vicinity of East Midlands Airport, UK, on final approach, after an earlier engine malfunction had been followed by the shut down of the wrong engine.)

Engine - General

• A320, vicinity LaGuardia New York USA, 2009 (BS LOC AW) (On 15 January 2009, approaching 3000 feet agl following a daytime take-off in VMC from LaGuardia Airport, NY, an Airbus A320-200 experienced an almost complete loss of thrust in both engines after encountering a flock of Canada Geese and was subsequently ditched on the Hudson River about 8.5 miles from airport. The ditching was completed successfully. Of the 150 passengers including the crew, one flight attendant and four passengers were seriously injured and the aircraft was substantially damaged.)
• RJ85, Helsinki Finland 2010, (AW GND LOC) (On 12 June 2010, a requested 22R runway inspection at Helsinki in normal daylight visibility carried out after a severe engine failure during the take off roll had led an Avro RJ85 being operated by Finnish Airline Blue1 on a scheduled passenger flight to Copenhagen to reject that take off at high speed. This inspection had not detected significant debris deposited on the runway during the sudden and severe engine failure. Two passenger aircraft, one being operated by Finnair to Dubrovnik, Croatia and the other being operated by Swedish airline TUIfly Nordic to Rhodes, Greece then departed the same runway before a re-inspection disclosed the debris and it was removed. Neither of the aircraft which used the runway prior to debris removal were subsequently found to have suffered any damage but both were advised of the situation en route.)
• F27, vicinity Jersey Channel Islands, 2001 (FIRE AW) (Shortly after take-off from Jersey Airport, Channel Islands, a F27 experienced an uncontained engine failure and a major fire external to the engine nacelle. The fire was extinguished and the aircraft landed back uneventfully at Jersey.)
• B772, Singapore, 2010 (LOC AW) (On 14 June 2010, a Boeing 777-200 being operated by British Airways on a scheduled passenger service from Singapore to London Heathrow with a relief crew present on the flight received indications of abnormal functioning of the right engine during a night take off in VMC. Subsequent and directly related developments en route, including greater than planned fuel consumption which put the intended destination out of reach, led to the declaration of a PAN to ATC and diversion to Amsterdam. Inspection after flight found that parts of the right engine were damaged or missing and the latter were matched to previously unidentified debris recovered from the runway at Singapore. None of the 214 occupants were injured.)
• B752, en-route, North Sea, 2006 (FIRE AW) (On 22 October 2006 a blue haze was observed in the passenger cabin of a Boeing 757-200, operated by Thomsonfly, shortly after reaching cruise altitude on a scheduled passenger flight from Newcastle to Larnaca. A precautionary diversion was made to London Stansted, where an emergency evacuation was carried out successfully.)
• … further results

Engine Fuel and Control

• A333, Hong Kong China, 2010 (AW LOC RE FIRE CS) (Faults which developed in the thrust control system of both engines on an Airbus A330-300 resulted in a high speed touchdown with excessive and asymmetric thrust but a stop on the runway was achieved.)
• B735, vicinity Perm Russian Federation, 2008 (HF LOC AW FIRE) (On September 13 2008, at night and in good visual conditions*, a Boeing 737-500 operated by Aeroflot-Nord executed an unstabilised approach to Runway 21 at Bolshoye Savino Airport (Perm) which subsequently resulted in loss of control and terrain impact.)
• B763, en route, North West Thailand, 1991 (LOC AW) (On 26 May 1991, a Lauda Air Boeing 767-300 experienced an un-commanded deployment of a thrust reverser climbing out of Bangkok which quickly led to a terminal loss of control and subsequent ground impact which destroyed the aircraft. The cause of the PW4000 thrust reverser fault was not established but it was noted that certification requirements included the ability to continue flight under any possible thrust reverser position and that there had been no pilot training requirement for, or awareness of, the essential response which would have required full aileron and rudder corrective action within 4 to 6 seconds.)
• B772, en-route Bozeman MT USA, 2008 (AW LOC) (On 26 November 2008, a Boeing 777-200 powered by RR RB211 Trent 800 series engines and being operated by Delta AL on a scheduled passenger flight from Shanghai Pudong to Atlanta was in the cruise at FL390 in day VMC in the vicinity of Bozeman MT when there was an uncommanded thrust reduction or ‘rollback’ of the right engine.)
• B744, Mumbai India, 2009 (AW FIRE HF) (On 4 September 2009, a Boeing 744-400 being operated by Air India on a delayed scheduled passenger flight from Mumbai to Riyadh was awaiting take off in normal daylight when ATC advised that there was a fuel leak from the left side, that a fire had started and that the engines should be shut down. An emergency cabin evacuation was carried out using exits on the right hand side and there were 21 minor injuries to the 213 passengers with all 16 crew escaping without injury. The fire on the left hand side was quickly extinguished by the RFFS and aircraft damage was confined to that area.)
• … further results

Bleed Air

• A333, En route, south of Moscow Russia, 2010 (LOC AW HF) (On 22 December 2010, a Finnair Airbus A330-300 inbound to Helsinki and cruising in very cold air at an altitude of 11,600 metres lost cabin pressurisation in cruise flight and completed an emergency descent before continuing the originally intended flight at a lower level. The subsequent Investigation was carried out together with that into a similar occurrence to another Finnair A330 which had occurred 11 days earlier. It was found that in both incidents, both engine bleed air systems had failed to function normally because of a design fault which had allowed water within their pressure transducers to freeze.)
• B735, en-route, SE of Kushimoto Wakayama Japan, 2006 (AW) (On 5 July 2006, during daytime, a Boeing 737-500, operated by Air Nippon Co., Ltd. took off from Fukuoka Airport as All Nippon Airways scheduled flight 2142. At about 08:10, while flying at 37,000 ft approximately 60 nm southeast of Kushimoto VORTAC, a cabin depressurization warning was displayed and the oxygen masks in the cabin were automatically deployed. The aircraft made an emergency descent and, at 09:09, landed on Chubu International Airport.)
• A319, en-route, Free State Province South Africa, 2008 (LOC HF AW) (On 7 September 2008 a South African Airways Airbus A319 en route from Cape Town to Johannesburg at FL370 received an ECAM warning of the failure of the No 1 engine bleed system. The crew then closed the No. 1 engine bleed with the applicable press button on the overhead panel. The cabin altitude started to increase dramatically and the cockpit crew advised ATC of the pressurisation problem and requested an emergency descent to a lower level. During the emergency descent to 11000 ft amsl, the cabin altitude warning sounded at 33000ft and the flight crew activated the cabin oxygen masks. The APU was started and pressurisation was re-established at 15000ft amsl. The crew completed the flight to the planned destination without any further event. The crew and passengers sustained no injuries and no damage was caused to the aircraft.)
• B752, en-route, North Sea, 2006 (FIRE AW) (On 22 October 2006 a blue haze was observed in the passenger cabin of a Boeing 757-200, operated by Thomsonfly, shortly after reaching cruise altitude on a scheduled passenger flight from Newcastle to Larnaca. A precautionary diversion was made to London Stansted, where an emergency evacuation was carried out successfully.)
• B737 en-route, Glen Innes Australia, 2007 (AW HF) (On 17 November 2007 a Boeing 737-700 being operated by Virgin Blue on a scheduled passenger service from Coolangatta to Melbourne at night experienced a right hand engine bleed trip off during the take off, which was continued. A subsequent attempt at reset was not successful and once above FL170, above which APU air use was not permitted, only the left engine bleed air would be available for air conditioning and cabin pressurisation. The flight crew initially decided to cruise at a lower level than planned, FL250, but once there, icing conditions were encountered and the crew decided to continue the climb to FL350 to cruise clear of cloud.)

Emergency Evacuation

• B732, Manchester UK, 1985 (AW FIRE) (On 22nd August 1985, a B737-200 being operated by British Airtours, a wholly-owned subsidiary of British Airways, suffered an uncontained engine failure, with consequent damage from ejected debris enabling the initiation of a fuel-fed fire which spread to the fuselage during the rejected take off and continued to be fuel-fed after the aircraft stopped, leading to rapid destruction of the aircraft before many of the occupants had evacuated.)
• B732, Pekanbaru Indonesia, 2002 (RE HF AW) (On 14 January 2002, a Boeing 737-200, operated by Lion Air, attempted to complete a daylight take off from Pekanbaru, Indonesia without flaps set after a failure to complete the before take off checks. The rejected take off was not initiated promptly and the aircraft overran the runway. The take off configuration warning failed to sound because the associated circuit breaker was so worn that it had previously auto-tripped and this had not been noticed.)
• G115 / GLID, en-route Oxfordshire UK, 2009 (LOS HF AW) (On 14 June 2009, a Grob 115E Tutor being operated by the UK Royal Air Force (RAF) and based at RAF Benson was conducting aerobatics in uncontrolled airspace near Drayton, Oxfordshire in day VMC when it collided with a Standard Cirrus Glider on a cross country detail from Lasham. The glider was sufficiently damaged that it could no longer be controlled and the glider pilot parachuted to safety. The Tutor entered a spin or spiral manoeuvre which it exited in a steep dive from which it did not recover prior to a ground impact which killed both occupants.)